By Jeffrey A. Packer Bahen/Tanenbaum Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada There are two principal manufacturing methods internationally for cold-forming square and rectangular HSS: direct-forming and continuous-forming. The direct-forming process includes: (1) roll-forming a coil strip directly into an open section with the desired rectangular shape; and (2) joining the edges of the open section by welding to form a closed rectangular shape. The cold-working in this case is concentrated at the four corners. The continuous-forming process includes: (1) roll-forming a coil strip first into a circular open tube; (2) joining the edges of the open tube by welding to form a closed circular shape; and (3) flattening the circular tube to form the desired rectangular shape. Both production methods are used in North America, although the latter (continuous-forming) is much more common. The static properties of these two HSS products have been compared by Sun and Packer (2014).

In steel design it is often necessary to design€ This PDF book incorporate aisc manual conduct. To download free steel design lrfd. To download free aisc shapes. The direct-forming process includes: (1) roll-forming a coil strip directly into an open section with the desired rectangular shape; and (2) joining the edges of the open section by welding to form a closed. These design guides are available for free download from the HSS Channel on the AISC website (aisc.org/hss). Download Browser Java 240x320.